Blocks

Blocks are a modern development, and are generally larger than bricks. Unless they are faced, blocks are normally covered over for decorative purposes — usually with stucco on an exterior wall, or drywall on an internal wall. Sizes vary, but blocks are often 18 x 9 inches. Depths also vary.

Glass
Decorative glass blocks are usually square and may be used inside or outside, often for small features.

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Rectangular concrete
Heavy, solid concrete-based block that is used for general construction work.

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Thermal insulation
A lightweight concrete block that is thermally efficient and easy to handle. Used in loadbearing and non-loadbearing walls, depending on specification.

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Concrete with cavity
Continuous cavities allow for strengthening rods through retaining walls. Cellular blocks have discontinuous cavities.

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Faced Building Block
Concrete blocks are sometimes available with a decorative face and in various colors.

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Stone

Natural stone varies widely in appearance and properties depending on its origin. Different stones are therefore suitable for different projects. When buying natural stone, quality is important. A load of unfinished stone may produce a lot of waste, while finished stone is more expensive.

Natural stone
Unfinished natural stone generally requires finishing before use. Bear in mind that finished stone needs to have a usable face, as well as the correct dimensions.

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Cut Stone
Natural stone that has been cut into a block, usually with all faces finished. Cut stone is therefore very expensive and seldom used extensively.

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Pitched faced
Stone cut to provide smooth sides for neat mortar joints, but with a rough face.

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Reconstituted stone
Made from crushed stone, sand and cement, these are molded to mimic natural stone.

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