Throughout the lush landscapes of Epcot and the Walt Disney World Resort, visitors are treated to the sight of beautifully sculpted trees in almost every imaginable size and shape. Among some of the most compelling forms are the miniature bonsai trees that grace the Japan exhibit. To provide a close-up look at how these shapely little trees get their unique silhouettes, host Kim Haworth talks with bonsai expert Jim VanLandingham of the Bonsai Society of Florida. VanLandingham begins by explaining that the actual technique of creating bonsai is called "bonesigh," then he gives a step-by-step demonstration of the art. The ficus tree is one variety that makes a good candidate for bonsai. The one shown here has a trunk with a sizable diameter (figure A), which is the first characteristic VanLandingham looks for when selecting a tree. Next he finds the main line of the tree (the primary trunk from which the other branches extend) and removes all of the smaller branches. He also cuts the main trunk down to less than a foot in height, which leaves only a small stump. Though drastic, this approach allows the tree to concentrate its energy on generating new growth that can be trimmed into a compact, symmetrical shape. VanLandingham does issue a word of caution: It's essential to do this type of cutting in the spring, otherwise the tree will fail to thrive and may even die. Since the goal of creating a bonsai is to produce a small version of an old, full-size tree, VanLandingham says the trunk should be cut to a height so that its natural taper mimics that of a mature tree trunk (figure B). When choosing a pot or container, look for one that has the right proportions for a miniature version of the tree; a pot that could support the tree at full size will throw off the scale of the bonsai. About five or six weeks after the tree has been cut back, many new sprouts will begin to appear on the main trunk. As these continue growing, they are trimmed or "styled" into the desired form. VanLandingham explains that the bottom branches should be cut so they're parallel with the top of pot; this mirrors the "weepy" lower branches of mature trees. With the right amount of taper on the trunk, the proper size container and lower branches that emulate those of an old tree, the bonsai will look exactly as it should -- with the exception of new growth. Once the plant has enough foliage to achieve the desired shape, VanLandingham says, new growth should be trimmed as often as possible since it tends to give the tree a "juvenile" look. He also emphasizes the importance of trimming the proper amount from each area of the branches to create a symmetrical, even profile. In caring for your tree, VanLandingham strongly recommends having a thorough knowledge of your particular variety so you can ensure that it receives the proper amounts of light and water. To fertilize, he suggests placing small fertilizer briquettes in the bottom of the pot before adding the soil; he also says it's a good idea to do any necessary root pruning prior to planting. By following these guidelines, it's easy to create your own picture-perfect bonsai. And be creative: as seen at Epcot's Japan Exhibit, all types of extraordinary shapes are possible (figures C, D and E). Tip: Several good varieties for beginners in bonsai include the following:
- Hibiscus
- Azalea
- Natal plum
- Cotoneaster
- Japanese holly
- Weeping fig
Fun Fact: Have you ever wondered how bonsai originated? Host Jessie Mack Burns shares an interesting fact about the beginnings of this unique art. The technique was actually derived from the ancient Chinese practice of "penjing,", which has two forms: landscape penjing and tree penjing. Landscape penjing is noted for its rocky landscapes that re-create actual places in miniature, while tree penjing is much like bonsai but also incorporates figures or water into the overall design. Note: For a tour of Disney's Epcot Center map, click here , available using  .
RESOURCES :
The American Bonsai Society
Kimura Bonsai and Landscape Nursery
DK Publishing - Main Office
New York, NY 10016
Phone: 212-213-4800
Fax: 212-213-5240
Dallas Bonsai Garden
Bonsai by the Monastery
101 Essential Tips: Bonsai
Model: 0789410753
Author: Harry Tomlinson
(November, 1996)
To order this title from Amazon, click here.
DK Publishing - Main Office
New York, NY 10016
Phone: 212-213-4800
Fax: 212-213-5240
Bonsai Survival Manual
Model: 0882668536
Author: Colin Lewis
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