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Pocketed balls -- A ball is considered pocketed if as a result of an otherwise legal shot, it drops off the bed of the table into the pocket and remains there. (A ball that drops out of a ball-return system onto the floor is not to be construed as a ball that has not remained pocketed.) A ball that rebounds from a pocket back onto the table bed is NOT a pocketed ball. (Continued below)
Position of balls -- The position of a ball is judged by where its base (or center) rests. Foot on floor -- It is a foul if a player shoots when at least one foot is not in contact with the floor. Foot attire must be normal in regard to size, shape and manner in which it is worn. Shooting with balls in motion -- It is a foul if a player shoots while the cue ball or any object ball is in motion (a spinning ball is in motion). Completion of stroke -- A stroke is not complete (and therefore is not counted) until all balls on the table have become motionless after the stroke (a spinning ball is in motion). Head string defined -- The area behind the head string does not include the head string. Thus an object ball that is dead center on the head string is playable when specific game rules require that a player must shoot at a ball past the head string. Likewise, the cue ball when being put in play behind the head string (cue ball in hand behind the head string) may not be placed directly on the head string; it must be behind it. General rule, all fouls -- Though the penalties for fouls differ from game to game, the following apply to all fouls: 1) pocket a numbered ball or 2) cause the cue ball or any numbered ball to contact a cushion. Failure to meet these requirements is a foul. Failure to contact object ball -- It is a foul if on a stroke the cue ball fails to make contact with any legal object ball first. Playing away from a touching ball does not constitute having hit the ball. Legal shot -- Unless otherwise stated in a specific game rule, a player must cause the cue ball to contact a legal object ball and then 1) pocket a numbered ball or 2) cause the cue ball or any numbered ball to contact a cushion. Failure to meet these requirements is a foul.
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