Japanese irises are derived solely from the species Iris ensata. They feature sumptuous flattish blossoms 4" to 12" across on long, slender stems that grow to 4' high. Single types have three broad falls, which gives them a triangular outline; doubles have a circular flower outline. Each bloom lasts on average two to three days, and they change in appearance dramatically during that period. The color range of Japanese irises includes purple, violet, pink, rose, red and white, the latter of which are often veined or edged in a contrasting shade. The leaves are narrow, stiff and graceful -- and handy for use in flower arrangements. These plants need ample moisture during the growing and flowering period and a soil that's acidic to neutral. Rhizomes should be planted in fall or spring, 2" deep and 18" apart. They do well as border plants along pools and streams and even in pots submerged in garden pools. Tip: - Bearded irises are also very popular plants. They too are easy to grow, but people often bury them too deeply. Plant them just below the surface after the soil has warmed in spring.
One mistake people make with bearded iris is planting them too deep, so they don't bloom. Each year, pull bearded iris from the soil after they're done blooming. Then cut the foliage to about two inches, and cut off any rotten parts or dead leaves (figure A). Store the two-inch plants until the next spring, when you should re-plant them in a shallow hole, with most of the rhizome above the ground.
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